REFRAMING SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE WITHIN RELIGIOUS MODERATION FRAMEWORK IN INDONESIA

Abstract

The global ecological crisis manifested in climate change, environmental degradation, and the overexploitation of natural resources is closely linked to the modern development paradigm centered on unlimited economic growth. In Indonesia, this condition is evidenced by increasing waste generation, environmental pollution, and deforestation. Although the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been widely adopted, their implementation remains limited in driving a fundamental transformation toward sustainable consumption and production. This study aims to examine how the modern development paradigm shapes unsustainable consumption and production patterns, analyze the limitations of the SDGs, and develop a socio-economic framework grounded in religious moderation. Employing a qualitative approach, this study is based on a comprehensive literature review of academic sources and policy documents. The findings reveal that the paradigm of unlimited growth structurally promotes excessive consumption, while the SDGs tend to emphasize efficiency without addressing deeper systemic change. As an alternative, religious moderation articulated through the principles of tawassuth, tawazun, i’tidal, and tasamuh offers a potential ethical foundation for fostering sustainable consumption and production systems. This study proposes a reframing framework consisting of three key pillars: the redefinition of well-being, ethical and balanced production, and value-based sustainable consumption.